Blog
Cannabis: Routes of Administration and Pharmacokinetics
Cannabis: Routes of Administration and Pharmacokinetics
The pharmacokinetics of cannabis—how it is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted—can vary significantly depending on the route of administration. These differences affect the onset, duration, and overall experience of relief, making the choice of method crucial for achieving desired outcomes. Based on the method of consumption and individual needs, cannabinoids are distributed throughout the body, impacting the heart, liver, brain, kidneys, skin, muscles, and fat. Although having multiple ways to use cannabis as medicine is convenient, each method comes with its own considerations and concerns.
Comparing Routes of Administration
- Tinctures
Tinctures are an excellent choice for those seeking a discreet and precise method of cannabis administration. When taken sublingually (under the tongue), tinctures typically take 15 to 45 minutes to take effect, with relief lasting up to 8 hours. This method allows for controlled dosing and avoids the potential respiratory issues associated with inhalation. It’s also ideal for individuals who need prolonged effects throughout the day. - Topical Applications
Topical products, such as creams, balms, or salves, are applied directly to the skin to target localized pain, inflammation, or skin conditions. The effects can take 30 minutes to 2 hours to appear and may last up to 8 hours. Since cannabinoids in topicals do not typically enter the bloodstream, they are non-psychoactive and suitable for individuals seeking targeted relief without systemic effects. - Edibles (Gummies)
Edibles provide a convenient and tasty option for consuming cannabis. However, their pharmacokinetics can be more complex. Depending on individual metabolism and preparation methods, edibles take 1 to 3 hours to onset and can last 8 hours or longer. A significant consideration is the “First Pass Effect,” where most of the cannabinoids are metabolized by the liver before entering the bloodstream, which can alter the absorption and intensity of effects. Edibles also pose a risk of over- or under-consumption, so starting with a low dose is key. - Smoking
Smoking cannabis delivers quick relief, typically within minutes, with effects lasting up to 4 hours. While effective for those seeking immediate relief, smoking can have adverse effects on the lungs, including coughing and wheezing. For individuals with asthma or pulmonary issues, alternative methods such as tinctures or edibles are recommended. - Vaporizing
Vaporizing is a less harmful alternative to smoking, offering rapid onset of effects similar to smoking. Vaporization reduces exposure to harmful byproducts of combustion, but it can still cause dryness of the mouth and throat. Staying hydrated and using high-quality devices can mitigate some of these effects. - Suppositories
Cannabis suppositories are used for localized pain relief in rectal or vaginal areas. However, current research suggests that cannabinoids in most suppository preparations are not adequately absorbed into the bloodstream, limiting their effectiveness (Radical Health, 2019). This route of administration needs further study to optimize its therapeutic potential.
Key Considerations
Each method of cannabis administration has unique benefits and drawbacks, and the choice largely depends on individual needs and circumstances:
- Speed of Relief: Smoking and vaporizing provide rapid effects, while tinctures, edibles, and topicals take longer but offer prolonged relief.
- Health Concerns: Inhalation methods may not be suitable for individuals with respiratory conditions. Edibles require careful dosing to avoid overconsumption.
- Localized vs. Systemic Relief: Topicals and suppositories are excellent for localized issues, while tinctures, edibles, smoking, and vaporizing affect the whole body.
Trial and Error for Optimal Results
Because everyone’s body chemistry and tolerance levels are different, determining the most effective method of cannabis use often requires some trial and error. Starting with a low dose and gradually increasing as needed can help identify the ideal route and dosage for each individual.
Cannabis is a versatile plant with various administration methods that cater to diverse medical and wellness needs. By understanding the pharmacokinetics and unique attributes of each method, individuals can make informed decisions to maximize the benefits of this powerful medicine while minimizing potential risks.
Find the Right Product for Your Needs
Understanding the various methods of cannabis administration can help you discover the best solution for your wellness journey. At Volaa, we offer a range of products to support your lifestyle:
Tinctures: Our Keep Calm tincture is formulated with pure CBD and designed for discreet use. It’s a convenient option for those seeking to feel balanced and supported throughout the day.
Topicals: The “What a Relief” Pain Relief Roll-On is ideal for targeting localized discomfort, providing fast and easy application to areas like sore muscles or joints.
Gummies: Our Balance gummies, featuring a blend of CBD and CBN, offer a tasty way to complement your wellness routine. They’re designed to promote a sense of well-being, helping you feel energized during the day and ready to unwind at night.